1. Loop Fundamentals2. Noise and Spurious Response of Loops3. Special Loops4. Loop Components5. Digital PLL Synthesizers6. High-Performance Hybrid SynthesizerAPPENDICESA: Mathematical ReviewB: A General-Purpose Nonlinear Approach to the Computationof Sideband Phase Noise in Free-Running Microwaveand RF OscillatorsC: Example of Wireless Synthesizers Using Commercial ICsD: MMIC-Based Synthesizers